Chinese
Ancient Greek
Heraclitus Parmenides Zeno of Elea Thales Anaxagoras Empedocles Pythagoras Socrates Plato Aristotle Leucippus Democritus Epicurus
Hellenic
Medieval
Scotus Eriugena Duns Scotus Thomas Aquinas William of Ockham Anselm of Canterbury Maimonides Ibn Rushd Ibn Sina al-Ghazali Meister Eckhart
Modern
René Descartes Thomas Hobbes George Berkeley Immanuel Kant Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz David Hume John Locke Jean-Jacques Rousseau Benedict de Spinoza Moses Mendelssohn
German Idealism
Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi Salomon Maimon Johann Gottlieb Fichte Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling George Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel Arthur Schopenhauer
William James Auguste Comte Charles Sanders Peirce Edmund Husserl Ludwig Feuerbach Karl Marx
Analytic
Gottlob Frege Bertrand Russell Alfred North Whitehead Ludwig Wittgenstein Rudolf Carnap Willard Van Orman Quine Saul Kripke Karl Popper David Lewis Hilary Putnam Donald Davidson Michael Dummett Kurt Gödel Paul Benaceraff John Lucas
René Guénon Friedrich Nietzsche Julius Evola Ananda Coomaraswamy Frithjof Schuon
Continental
Henri Bergson Maurice Merleau-Ponty Gilles Deleuze Félix Guattari Michel Foucault Jacques Derrida Jean Baudrillard Martin Heidegger Jean-Paul Sartre Hannah Arendt Simone de Beauvoir Theodor Adorno Max Horkheimer Walter Benjamin Herbert Marcuse Slavoj Žižek Jürgen Habermas Albert Lautman
21st Century
Reza Negarestani Ray Brassier Quentin Meillassoux Edward Zalta Graham Priest